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An interactive tutorial

How language models
actually work, from the ground up.

A first-principles path through tokens, embeddings, attention, and the machinery behind LLMs, built up step by step, with worked examples and runnable code that make it stick.

10 lessons across 1 chapter ยท ~48 min ยท free to read

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Highlight & note

Mark up the text. Your highlights and notes sync across devices.

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Spaced review

Key ideas resurface on an FSRS schedule so they stay learned.

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Exercises

Predict tokenizer output, trace algorithms, and check your understanding with instant feedback.

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Every chapter is open to everyone. Signed out, the site stores nothing on a server and tracks nothing, so you lose no content by staying logged out.

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Reading is free. Everything beyond it needs a free account: progress tracking, highlights and notes, dark and sepia themes, full-screen focus mode, and spaced review, all synced across your devices.

Your data syncs across devices and stays private to your account.

Your privacy, plainly.

Reading never requires an account and is never tracked. If you create an account, we store only your email and your own learning data: progress, highlights, and notes. We never sell your data. We never show ads. Delete your account anytime and it is gone for good.